试验室CGS-1.5型砂浆渗透仪技术参数
Laboratory parameters mortar permeability technical

一、概述

I. Overview

砂浆抗透仪性能是指砂浆能抵抗水或其它液体介质在压力作用下渗透的性能。

Mortar permeability instrument performance means the ability of mortar to resist the permeability of water or other liquid mediums under pressure.

在当今现代化的工程建设中，掺加各种防水剂的防水砂浆的抗渗防水能力更加重要。CGS-1.5型砂加渗透仪可用于测定防水砂的抗渗性能，进行参有防水剂的砂浆与基准砂浆的比对试验，亦可作其它防水材料的透水性试验。

In modern engineering construction projects, the waterproof impermeability of waterproof mortar with various water-proofing additives shows greater significance. Mortar permeability instrument model CGS-1.5 is designed to determine the impermeability of waterproof mortar, performing comparison test between mortar with waterproofing addictives and reference mortar and permeability test against other waterproofing materials.

我厂生产的CGS-1.5型砂浆渗透仪适应各级工程质量监督检测部门、施工单位试验室、科研单位大专院校对砂浆抗渗性能的检测、研究与教学之需要。压力单位按中华人民共和国“计量法”规定采用国际单位制兆帕（Mpa），并附有检定压力的装置以便定期检定。

Mortar permeability instrument model CGS-1.5 manufactured by our company is applicable for detection of, study and education on mortar impermeability of various levels of Engineering Quality Supervision and Inspection Departments, laboratories of construction units, research institutions, universities and colleges. The pressure is in Mpa according to Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China. Pressure verification device is provided for regular verification.

二、技术性能

II. Technical Parameters

三、结构原理

III. Structure and Principle

CGS-1.5 型砂浆渗透仪是根据液压原理进行设计，以电动机拖动水泵施压，通过管道与压力容器、控制阀、试模座等连接。压力由水泵输出进入压力容器。然后输送到各试件系统进行加载试验。管路中装有电接点、压力表和电气控制系统，通过对电接点压力表内的电触点的调节，可以使压力在0.1～1.5Mpa 的规定范围内进行恒压试验。

Mortar permeameter model CGS-1.5 is designed according to Hydraulic Principle. The pressure is generated through water pump driven by motor. The permeameter is connected to pressure vessel, control valve and test sample base etc. through pipes. The pressure is transmitted from water pump to pressure vessel and then to each test piece system for loading test. The pipeline is provided with electric contact, pressure gauge and electric control system. By adjusting the electric contact in pressure gauge, the pressure can be kept within the specified range 0.1～1.5Mpa for constant pressure test.

CGS-1.5 型砂浆渗透仪由机架试模、水泵、压力容器、控制阀压力表和电气控制等装置部分组成，各部分的结构和作用分述如下：

Mortar permeameter model CGS-1.5 is composed of frame mold, water pump, pressure vessel, control valve pressure gauge and electrical control etc., of which the structures and functions are described as follows:

(一)机架试模
(I) Frame mold

机架采用优质型焊接而成，台面选用优质冷轧薄钢板制成，平整、光滑。试模内渗出的水即由此孔流回盛水箱，从而保持台面干燥、整洁、经久耐用。试模用月牙板手，固紧在试模座上，中间用“O”形橡胶圈密封。
The frame is welded of high quality profile steel. The flat and smooth bench surface is made of high quality cold rolled steel sheet. The water seeping from test mold flows back to water tank through this hole so as to keep a dry and clean surface for long service life. Crescent wrench is used to fasten the test mold to the base, with the middle area sealed with O-shaped rubber ring.

(二)水泵部分
(II) Water pump

水泵是以90瓦电动机为动力源，由皮带轮和齿轮进行两级变速偏心轮旋转带动连杆和导柱，从而驱使水泵柱塞作往复运动进行工作，由于水泵的流量很小，因此可视为供给试体的水压为静态。
A 90W motor is used as the power source, the water pump. The two-step speed regulation eccentric wheel rotation realized through pulleys and gears drives the connecting bar and guide pole. In this case, the pump piston is driven to move back and forth. Since the pump flow is extremely small, the water pressure for test piece is deemed to be in a static state.

(三)压力容器
(III) Pressure vessel

压力容器时具有蓄水贮能并能降低压力水的脉冲作用的大型容器。试验前用漏斗通过注水嘴在工作台面上将水注满容器，试验完毕，将压力容器内水通排污阀将水放尽。
Pressure vessel is a large vessel that has water and energy storage capacity and can be used to reduce the pulse effect of pressure water. Fill the vessel with water on work bench with a hopper through water filling nozzle before the test. Discharge the water from pressure vessel through blow-down valve after the test.

(四)控制阀
(IV) Control valve

控制阀共七个，集中安装在工作台正面上方，编号为1、2、3、4、5、6、0，其中1～6号阀分别控制着同正面前方对应的各个试模，作用是开启或截止。设置0号阀专门控制压力容器压力的卸荷或加压。
There are seven control valves (No.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 0) mounted above the top surface of work bench. Valves 1~6 control the test molds that correspond to front surface respectively, performing “open” and “close” functions. Valve 0 is set to control the pressure loading unloading of pressure vessel.

四、操作步骤

IV. Operating Procedure

渗透试验操作步骤
Permeability test  

1. 旋下压力容器的注水嘴的螺旋（在工作台面上）同时打开7只阀门，将洁净的清水注入压力容器内，观察0号控制阀放水管出水流畅，然后关闭0号控制阀，直至注满溢出为止，再将螺栓装上拧紧。
1. Unscrew the screw (on work bench surface) of water filling nozzle of pressure vessel and open the seven valves. Fill the pressure vessel with clean water. Check if the water flows smoothly in control valve 0 drain pipe. Close valve 0. Fasten the bolts again until the water flows out.

2. 向进水箱注满清水。
2. Fill the water inlet tank with clear water.

3. 将水泵上二导柱螺母拆下，拔出上挡板及水泵柱塞，向泵内注满水再按原方向装上即能开机正常工作。
3. Remove the two guide pin bolts from water pump and pull out the upper panel and pump piston. Fill the pump with water and then re-assemble it. Then normal operation can be started.

4. 调节电接点压力表至1.5Mpa 位置上。
4. Set the electric contact pressure gauge to 1.5Mpa.

5. 通电、启动电源开关，使水泵能正常运行（应无冲击现象）观察6个试模座出水是否正常，直至无气泡为止。
5. Connect the power supply and turn on power switch to enable the water pump to work normally (no impact shall be observed). Check if the water output at the six test mode bases is normal, until no bubble is observed.

6. 逐个关闭控制阀，观察压力表压力是否上升，排除一切泄漏故障，使压力能稳定在所调节的范围内。
6. Turn off the control valves one by one and check if the pressure shown on pressure gauge rises. Eliminate all leakage faults to keep the pressure within the regulated range.

7. 按标准试验方法，将试模逐个安装就位，初步不可拧紧，打开各个试模控制阀门，观察各个试模座泄出水为止，拧紧螺母，调整好欲按要求试验压力的上下限值，即可正常工作。
7. Mount the test molds one by one following the standard test method. The molds shall not be fastened tightly at first. Open the control valve for each test mold and fasten the bolts when water leaks from each test mold base. And then set the upper and lower limits of test pressure.

五、故障排除

V. Troubleshooting

六、砂浆抗渗性试验

VI. Mortar impermeability test

（一）目的
(I) Purpose

比较不同品种水泥砂浆的防水性能。一般用以表明外加剂对提高水泥砂浆抗渗效果。
Compare the water resistance of different types of cement mortar. Indicate the effect of additives on improvement of permeability of cement mortar.

（二）试验设备
(II) Test equipment

1、砂浆渗透仪（CGS-1.5 型）
2、截头圆锥金属试模（上口直径70㎜，下口直径80㎜，高30㎜）。
3、捣棒（直径10㎜， 长350㎜，一端为弹头形）
4、抹刀等

1. Mortar permeameter (model CGS-1.5)
2. Metal truncated cone test mold (upper port diameter 70mm, lower port diameter 80mm, 30mm high)
3. Tamper (100mm in diameter, 350mm long; one end is warhead-shaped)
4. Spatula etc.

（三）试验步骤
(III) Test Procedure

1、将试模放置在厚玻璃上。将拌好的砂浆一次装满试模。捣棒轻轻插捣以除汽泡，1-2h后，括去多余的砂浆，末平表面。经两周夜脱模。每组试件为三个。
1. Place the test mold on thick glass and fill it with mortar. Operate the tamper gently to remove bubble. Remove the residual mortar and screed the surface after 1-2 hours. Strip the mold after 48 hours. Each group includes three test pieces.

2、脱模后的试件均保持在养护室同条件下养护到规定龄期，取好并待表面干燥后用密封材料密封装入渗透仪中，进行透水试验。
2. The test pieces are shall be kept in curing chamber for specified period. And then take them out and put the pieces sealed with sealing materials into permeameter for water permeability test.

3、水压从0.2Mpa开始，保持2h，增至0.3Mpa，以后每隔1h增加水压0.1Mpa ，直至所有试件顶面渗水为止。记录每个试件的****水压力保持****水压的时间t（以小时计）。如果水压增至1.5Mpa 而试件仍未透水，则不再升压，持荷6h后，停止试验。
3. Keep the water pressure at 0.2Mpa for 2 hours and then rise it to 0.3Mpa. The water pressure shall rise by 0.1Mpa every hour until seepage occurs on top surfaces of all test pieces. Record the maximum water pressure at each test piece and the duration “t” (in hour) of maximum pressure. In case no seepage water occurs on test piece when the water pressure rises to 1.5Mpa, the pressure shall not be increased any more. Keep the load for 6 hours and stop the test.

（四）试验结果
(IV) Test Result

一般采用掺有外加剂的砂浆与基准砂浆的对比试验。
Generally, the comparison test between mortar with additives and reference mortar is performed.
K=I－I/I×100

式中：K-不透水性提高率（%）
I-空白砂浆试件不透水性系数； I-参外加剂的砂浆试件不透水性系数。

In which: K – impermeability improvement rate (%)
I –impermeability factor of blank mortar test piece
I - impermeability factor of blank mortar test piece with additives

I或I（均取桑格试件平均值）按下式计算：
I and I (Sanger test piece average value) are calculated according the formula below:
I=3Pt tt

其中：Pt- 试件在每一压力阶段所受水压（Mpa）；
tt-相应的恒压时间（h）。
In which: Pt- water pressure (Mpa) at the test piece in each pressure stage;
tt- corresponding duration (h) of constant pressure

七、维护和保养
VII. Maintenance

1、水泵的活塞剂两个导柱，每天工作前加机油润滑一次，以其延长水泵的使用寿命。
1. Apply engine oil to pump piston and the two guide pins once every day to extend the service life of water pump.

2、每次试验完毕后，应将压力容器 ，管道阀内的水通过排污阀排尽。
2. The water inside pressure vessel and pipe valves shall be discharged through blow-down valve after each test.

3、试模及试模座檫净，并涂防锈油脂保护。
3. Clean the test mold and the base and apply rust preventing grease thereto.

4、停用期间加盖防尘罩保护。
4. Set a dust cover for protection during the shutdown period.