试验室CGHS-4型数显混凝土渗透仪技术参数
Laboratory parameters digital concrete permeability

一、概述

I. Overview

混凝土是现在建筑中被广泛使用的人造石材，对于某些建筑，如水工建筑、水下、水中、地下和其他建筑工程，要求建筑物具有特殊的性能-抗渗性能 所谓抗渗性能是指构筑物所使用的材料能抵抗水和或其他液体（轻油、重油）介质在压力作用下渗透的性能。

Concrete is a kind of artificial stone widely used in modern buildings. Some certain buildings like hydraulic structure, under-water structure, underground structure and other construction projects are required to have special performance, i.e. impermeability which means that the material for structure can resist the penetration of water or other liquids (light oil and heavy oil) under pressure.

HP-4.0型抗渗仪主要使用于混凝土抗渗性能试验和抗渗标号的测定。同时也可利用它做建筑材料透气性的测定和质量检查，因此得到了有关生产、施工、设计、教研等部门的广泛使用。

Permeameter model HP-4.0 is mainly designed for concrete impermeability test and determination of impermeability grade. In addition, this equipment can also be used to perform building material permeability determination and quality inspection. Hence, it has been widely used in production, construction, design, education and scientific research.

HP-4.0型抗渗仪：功能与普通型相同，其主要特点是压力值通过传感器在压力显示仪上显示出来，并能按设定的程序实现自动升压，自动完成试验，减轻工作人员负担。HS-4型、HS-4S型抗渗仪均符合GB/T50081-2002 （普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准）、T0528-94、GBJ81-85 等标准要求。

Permeameter model HP-4.0 has the same function as general mode. The pressure value can be indicated on pressure display through transducer. The equipment can realize automatic pressure boosting with the set program and perform the test automatically so as to reduce the burden of working personnel. Models HS-4 and HS-4S comply with GB/T50081-2002 (Standard for Test Methods of Mechanical Properties of Ordinary Concrete), T0528-94 and GBJ81-85 standards.

二、主要技术参数

II. Main Technical Parameters

1、****工作压力：4MPa

2、工作方式：自动恒压（数显型：自动恒压且自动升压）

3、一次可作试件数：6个

4、试模几何尺寸（亦称主模）
模腔上口直径：φ174.8mm
模腔下口直径：φ185mm
高度：153mm

5、柱塞泵参数：流量：0.16L/min

6、电动机功率：120W ； 电源：380V-50HZ

7、外形尺寸：950×800×950mm

8、质量：≈350kg

1. Maximum working pressure: 4MPa

2. Working mode: auto constant pressure (digital model: auto constant pressure + auto boosting)

3. Number of test pieces to be prepared at the same time: 6

4. Dimensions of test mold (also known as master mold)
Upper port diameter of molding chamber: φ174.8mm
Lower port diameter of molding chamber: φ185mm
Height: 153mm

5. Parameters of piston pump: flow: 0.16L/min

6. Motor power: 120W; Power supply: 380V-50HZ

7. Outside dimensions: 950×800×950mm

8. Weight: ≈350kg

三、主要工作原理及其机构（见附图一）

III. Main Working Principle and Mechanism (see Figure I)

1、原理

1. Principle

HS-4型抗渗仪和HP-4.0型数显抗渗仪是利用密封容器内压力处处相等的原理（水位差疏忽不计），以水泵对整个系统输压，并通过电接点压力表或压力控制器加压压力的大小来实现压力水由下向上渗透压装在试模中的试件，从而测定试件抗渗性能和计算其抗渗标号的仪器。

Permeameter model HS-4 and digital model HP-4.0 uses water pump to generate the pressure for the overall system according to the principle that says “every point inside seal container has the same pressure” (water level difference is negligible) and realizes the penetration of pressurized water from bottom upward to the surface of test piece placed in test mold by regulating the pressure of electric contact pressure gauge or pressure controller, and thus determines the impermeability of test piece and calculates the impermeability grade.

2、结构

2. Structure

主要由箱体、工作台，由不锈钢面板制成，并安装有6个模座及36个M12螺栓，用于安装试模之用。

This equipment composed of cabinet body and work bench is made of stainless steel panel and is provided with 6 mold bases and 36 M12 bolts for fixation of test mold.

3、供压系统

3. Pressure Supply System

由电动机、动力箱、水泵、水包、安全阀，管道等组成，电动机用于向系统提供动力源，动力箱用于将电动机所提供的动力源转化成往返运动的动力并提供给水泵，水泵用以向整个系统提供水压，水包用以稳定供应系统的水压并起水压源，动力箱用于将电动机所提供的动力源转化成往返运动的动力并提供给水压，并起水压源的分流作用；安全阀安装于水包中央，安全阀的作用是确保系统压力不大于4MPA

The pressure supply system consists of motor, power cabinet, water pump, water drum, safety valve and pipe etc. The motor provides power for system. Power cabinet is used to convert the power from motor into the power for to-and-fro movement and provide this power to water pump which will then provide the whole system with water pressure. Water drum is designed to stabilize the water pressure in supply system. Power cabinet is used to transform the power from motor into the power for to-and-fro movement and provide this power to water pressure while dividing the water pressure source; safety valve is mounted in the center of water drum to keep the system pressure not higher than 4MPA.

4、操作台

4. Operating Panel

主要由电器控制和控制阀组成。由红绿按钮开关和1只电接点压力表所组成，绿色按钮为启动开关，红色按钮为停止开关，电接点压力表用于控制供压系统的压力保持在你需要的范围，当压力指针达到上限时，水泵停止工作，由于试件渗透等原因，致使水压下降，指针逆时针转动，离开上限位置，直至到达下限位，水泵重新启动，水压上升到上限位（2）控制阀。其开启与关闭与一般阀们相同，即 顺时针转为关系，逆时针旋转为开启，每个阀相 对应控制一个试模，（3）电器控制部分：由组合开关和1只压力传感器相连接的控制器所组成。组合开关控制抗渗仪电源，“0”位为关“1”位为开；控制器用语控制供压系统的压力保持在你需要的范围。关于控制器的操作说明详见附录《数显抗渗仪压力控制器操作说明》

Operating panel is composed of electric control and control valve. It is composed of red and green button switches and one pressure gauge with electric contact. Green button is a start switch, red button is a stop switch. The pressure gauge with electric contact is used to keep the pressure in pressure supply system within the required range. When the pressure reaches its upper limit, the water pump will stop working. Due to test piece penetration etc., the water level reduces and the pointer rotates counterclockwise to move away from upper limit position. The water pump will restart when the lower limit is reached. At this point, the water pressure will rise to the upper limit. (2) Control valve. It opening and closing is the same as ordinary valves, namely clockwise rotation results in “close”, and counterclockwise rotation corresponds to “open”. Each valve phase corresponds to one test mold. (3) Electric control section is composed of combination switch and controllers connected to one pressure sensor. The combination switch controls the power supply of permeameter (“0” off; “1” on); the controller is used to keep the pressure of pressure supply system within the required range. See Appendix Operating Instruction for Pressure Controller of Digital Permeameter.

四、安装及使用

IV. Installation and Operation

1、准备

1. Preparation Work

a、将抗渗仪器放置在平整、坚实的室内基础上，

b、关闭位于箱体右下方的放水卸压阀

c、开启6个控制阀

d、初次使用，注水入箱，开启控制阀，启动电源，至6个模座内水溢出为止，以便排出系统内空气。

e、关闭控制阀

a. Place the permeameter on flat and firm indoor foundation.

b. Close the relief valve at the lower right of cabinet

c. Open 6 control valves

d. For the initial use: fill the tank with water; open control valve; turn on the power supply. Keep this state until the water flows out from the 6 mold bases so as to discharge the air from the system.

e. Close the control valve

2、试件制作及安装

2. Fabrication and Installation of Test Pieces

a、试件成形养护，根据设计所要求的材料配比用成形模（亦称副模）制作成形，然后按部或国际标准的规范进行掩护。

a. Test piece forming and curing: fabricate the piece with forming mold (also referred to as auxiliary mold) according to the material ratio specified in the design, and then cover the test piece according to ministry-level or international standards.

b、将养护好的试件表面晾干，然后在其侧面涂山熔化的密封材料（火漆或密封蜡）注意试件两端面，严禁涂有密封材料。

b. Dry the cured test piece and apply molten sealing material (sealing wax or sealing cement) to its side surface. Pay attention to both end surfaces of test piece. Do not apply sealing materials to these two surfaces.

c、将试模加热到40℃，然后将涂有密封材料的试件装入模腔，再在压机上（螺旋压力机或借用实验室的压力实验机）将试件压入试模中并冷却至常温，最好使用本厂配套生产的DL-200KN型液压脱模机，既可装、脱模、又可劈裂试件，观察渗水深度。

c. Heat the test mold to 40℃, and place the test piece coated with sealing material into mold cavity. Press the test piece into the mold on the press (screw press or pressure testing machine in the laboratory) and cool it down to normal temperature. It is recommended our hydraulic stripper machine model DL-200KN which can load and strip molds and split the test piece off for observation of water penetration depth be used.

d、将装压好试件的试模安装在抗渗仪的工作台上，并均匀的拧紧螺丝帽

d. Fix the test mold with test piece to work bench and tighten the screw cap evenly.

3、接通电源，红色信号灯两，将电接点压力表上限指针调至0.1MPA 下限指针与之可靠近但不能同时接触（约小于上限指针0.05mpa ）,然后摁绿钮启动电源，此时水泵开始工作，电接点压力表指针随水压上升而顺时针转动，注意观察压力上升是否正常，系统有无渗漏水现象，如有异常则应排除后才能进入试验。按附录操作说明执行。

3. Connect the power supply, the red signal lamp will go ON. Set the upper limit pointer of pressure gauge with electric contact to 0.1MPA. The lower limit pointer shall be reliably close to (but not be in contact with) the upper limit pointer (about 0.05mpa lower than upper limit pointer), and then press the green button to turn on the power supply. At this point, the water pump starts to operate, and the pressure gauge with electric contact will rotate clockwise along with the increase of water pressure. Pay attention to check if the pressure rise is normal and if there is water leakage in system. In case of any abnormality, the test can not be started unless it is eliminated. The operation instruction stated in appendix shall be followed.

4、开启控制阀，即向相应的试体送入水压，注意观察试模底部有无渗出，如有渗出则需拧紧相应部位的压紧螺帽。

4. Open control valve to transmit water pressure to corresponding test body. Check if there is water seepage at the bottom of test mold. If any, the compression nut at corresponding area shall be tightened.

5、进入正常试验后，每隔8小时增加工作压力0.1MPA ，随时观察试件端面有无渗水情况，如有渗水，则关闭相应的控制阀。

5. After the normal test is started, the working pressure shall rise by 0.1MPA every 8 hours. Check if there is water seepage at the end surface of test piece from time to time. If any, the corresponding control valve shall be closed.

6、当6个试件中有3个试件的端面有压力水渗出时，即可停止试验，记下十时毫的水压作为计算依据。

6. Stop the test when there is pressurized water seepage at the end surface of three of the six test pieces, and record the water pressure as calculation basis.

7、试验结束，切断电源，打开放水卸压阀，使系统压力降至零，取下试模，

7. After the test is over, cut off the power supply, open the relief valve to make the system pressure drop to zero, and then take off the test mold.

8、从试模中压出试件，并清洗试模、模座、涂上防锈油，以备再用

8. Take the test piece out from test mold and clean the mold and base. Apply anti-rust oil to test mold and the base for the use in future.

五、结果计算

V. Calculation Results

1、混凝土抗渗标号以每组六个试件中四个未出现透水时的****水压表示，其计算式为：S=10H-1 其中：S-抗渗标号H-六个试件中第三个渗水时的压力（MPA）

1. The concrete impermeability grade is represented by the maximum water pressure which is recorded when water penetration is not found at four of the six test pieces. The formula is S=10H-1, in which, “S” means impermeability grade; “H” means the pressure (MPA) detected when water seepage is found at the third test piece of the six test pieces.

2、如压力加至1.2MPA经过8小时，渗水仍不超过2个，混凝土抗渗标号应大于或等于12，即S=12

2. In case water seepage is found only at two or less test pieces after the pressure is kept at 1.2MPA for 8 hours, the impermeability mark of concrete shall be ≥12, i.e. S=12.

六、维护与保养

VI. Maintenance

1、对工作环境的要求：周围大气温度为5℃-45℃ ；相对温度＜80% ， 不长期在含腐蚀性气体的环境中工作

1. Requirement on working environment: ambient temperature: 5℃-45℃; relative humidity ＜80%. This equipment shall not operate in an environment with corrosive gases for a long term.

2、水源应清洁无杂质

2. Water source shall be clean without impurity

3、动力箱油在出厂时已加好，以后每半年打开后箱盖及动力箱盖，以更换一次20号或30号机械润滑油，油量以加到接近主轴中心县为准（约600ml）

3. Power cabinet oil has been applied before delivery. And then, users shall open the rear cabinet cover and power cabinet cover and apply 20# or 30# machinery oil every half a year. It is recommended the oil level be close to the central line of main shaft (about 600ml).

4、每半年检查一次动力箱底部有无积水（此项工作可在换油时同时进行），并判明是否水泵密封圈损坏，如损坏则需要更换。

4. Check if there is cumulated water at the bottom of power cabinet every half a year (this work can be done during oil change) and check if the pump seals are broken. If so, the seals shall be replaced.

5、如环境温度低于0℃ ，则需放水，卸压阀放空内的全部水源，一面结冰损坏系统的零件。